Curriculum vitae

Profile

Profile

Consultant Haematologist at Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, specialising in thrombosis, haemostasis and non-malignant haematology. Undertakes independent medicolegal work for both claimant and defendant instructions, with an evidence-based, impartial and proportionate approach and particular interest in breach of duty, causation and the interpretation of clinical evidence.

Areas of expertise

Areas of expertise

Specialist in non-malignant haematology, including:

• Anticoagulation, including warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants
• Thrombosis and blood dyscrasias after COVID-19 vaccines, including vaccine-induced thrombosis and thrombocytopenia
• Thrombosis and investigation of thrombophilia
• Venous thromboembolism prevention
• Haemophilia and bleeding disorders
• Obstetric haematology
• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
• Investigation and management of anaemia and low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia)

Education

Education & qualifications

• BSc (Hons) First Class, Biochemistry and Immunology, 2005 (University of London)
• MB BS, 2008 (University of London)
• MRCP (UK), 2011
• FRCPath, 2016
• Certificate of Completion of Training in Haematology, 2017

Research

Research experience

Sub-Principal Investigator and Principal Investigator in several clinical trials. Chief Investigator in several non-interventional, investigator-led studies. Collaborated with numerous researchers. GCP trained.

72 peer-reviewed publications

Publications

1. Thomas W, Griffiths M, Nelson-Piercy C & Sinnamon K (2012). A case of very early ‘pure’ pre-eclampsia at 20 weeks gestation – diagnosis, investigation and management. Clinical Kidney Journal published online first 15th October 2012.
2. Thomas W, Hamilton-Wood C, Taylor A & Ruell J (2013). Massive lymphoma arising from the thyroid requiring emergency cardiac pacing. Br J Haematol, 160(3); 274.
3. Thomas W, Davies J, Asamoah A, Scott-Molloy C, Sansom V & Kerr J (2014). Two-samples for blood transfusion: single centre experience. Transfusion Medicine, 24(4); 209-212.
4. Thomas W, d’Orey F & Turner G. (2014) A student with macrocytic anaemia. BMJ: 15; 348. Case S, Johnston TJ, O’Sullivan M, Thomas W & Wiseman OJ (2015). A man with rust coloured urine and normocytic anaemia. BMJ: 350: h2113.
5. Thomas W, Veer MV & Besser M (2016) Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: an elusive syndrome. Clin Med (Lond): 16(5): 432-436.
6. Kazianka L, Drucker C, Skrabs C, Thomas W, Melchardt T, Struve S, Bergmann M, Staber PB, Porpaczy E, Einberger C, Heinz M, Hauswirth A, Raderer M, Pabinger I, Thalhammer R, Egle A, Wendtner CM, Follows G, Hoermann G, Quehenberger P, Jilma B, Jaeger U. (2016). Ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation for monitoring of bleeding tendency in CLL treated with ibrutinib. Leukemia. 2016 Dec 2. doi: 10.1038/leu.2016.316. [Epub ahead of print].
7. Alwan F, Vendramin C, Vanhoorelbeke K, Langley K, McDonald V, Austin S, Clark A, Lester W, Gooding R, Biss T, Dutt T, Cooper N, Chapman O, Cranfield T, Douglas K, Watson HG, van Veen JJ, Sibson K, Thomas W, Manson L, Hill QA, Benjamin S, Ellis D, Westwood JP, Thomas M, Scully M (2017). Presenting ADAMTS13 antibody and antigen levels predict prognosis in immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood;130(4):466-471.
8. Thomas W, Firth O, Besser M, Beveridge M, Baglin T (2017). Analysis of pulmonary embolus size at the time of recurrence compared with presentation: a single-centre retrospective study. JTH; 15(7):1443-1447.
9. Thomas W, Warner E, Cameron E, Symington E (2018). Successful treatment of acquired von Willebrand disease with lenalidomide leading to dramatic resolution of intractable gastrointestinal bleeding; a case report. Haemophilia. Mar 26. doi: 10.1111/hae.13464. [Epub ahead of print].
10. Jenner B, Brockelsby J, Thomas W (2018). Dehydrated stomatocytosis causing fetal hydrops and perinatal ascites. Br J Haematol. 182 (5); 620.
11. Thomas W, Cutler JA, Moore GW, McDonald V & Hunt BJ (2018). The utility of a fast turnaround ADAMTS13 activity in the diagnosis and exclusion of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Br J Haematol. Apr 24. doi: 10.1111/bjh.15219. [Epub ahead of print].
12. Thomas W, Samama CM, Greinacher A, Hunt BJ (2018). The utility of viscoelastic methods in the prevention and treatment of bleeding and hospital-associated venous thromboembolism in peri-operative care: guidance from the SSC of the ISTH. J Thromb Haemost, 16, 2336-2340.
13. Macdonald S, Chengal R, Hanxhiu A, Symington E, Sheares K, Besser M, Thomas W (2019). Utility of the DASH score after unprovoked venous thromboembolism: a single centre experience. Br J Haematol, 185, 631-33.
14. Thomas W, Symington E, Besser M, Sheares K (2019). Real world experience at a single centre using direct oral anticoagulants after unprovoked venous thromboembolism. doi: 10.1111/bjh.15880. [Epub ahead of print].
15. Kemp M, Thomas W. Antiphospholipid syndrome in obstetrics. Lupus. 2018;27(1_suppl):28-31.
16. Downes K, Megy K, Duarte D, Vries M, Gebhart J, Hofer S, Shamardina O, Deevi SVV, Stephens J, Mapeta R, Tuna S, Al Hasso N, Besser MW, Cooper N, Daugherty L, Gleadall N, Greene D, Haimel M, Martin H, Papadia S, Revel-Vilk S, Sivapalaratnam S, Symington E, Thomas W, Thys C, Tolios A, Penkett CJ, Ouwehand WH, Abbs S, Laffan MA, Turro E, Simeoni I, Mumford AD, Henskens YMC, Pabinger I, Gomez K, Freson K (2019). Diagnostic high-throughput sequencing of 2,396 patients with bleeding, thrombotic and platelet disorders. Blood, doi: 10.1182/blood.2018891192. [Epub ahead of print].
17. Alwan F, Vendramin C, Liesner R, Clark A, Lester W, Dutt T, Thomas W, Gooding R, Biss T, Watson G, Cooper N, Rayment R, Cranfield T, van Veen J, Hill Q, Davis S, Motwani J, Bhatnagar N, Priddee N, David M, Crowley M, Alamelu J, Lyall H, Westwood J-P,Thomas M, Scully M; Characterization and treatment of congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood 2019; 133 (15): 1644–1651.
18. Cox-Morton S, MacDonald S, Thomas W (2019). A diagnostic solution for haemostasis laboratories for patients taking direct oral anticoagulants using DOAC-Remove. British Journal of Haematology, published online ahead of print.
19. Mindlina I, Nelmes E, Sharp M, Butler A, Gudgin E, Thomas W. Argatroban to achieve therapeutic anticoagulation in two patients with acute thrombosis and heparin resistance. Blood coagul & fibrinolysis. 2019. 2019 Dec;30(8):426-428.
20. MacDonald, S, Wright, A, Beuche, F, Downes K, Besser M, Symington E, Kelly A, Thomas W. Characterization of a large cohort of patients with unclassified bleeding disorder; clinical features, management of haemostatic challenges and use of global haemostatic assessment with proposed recommendations for diagnosis and treatment. Int J Lab Hematol. 2020; 42: 116– 125.
21. Thomas W, Sleep T, McNeil AF, Wallis S (2019). What is the cost of implementing updated NICE guidance (2018) on venous thromboembolism prophylaxis post hospital discharge for medical patients? Clin Med (Lond), 19, 427.
22. MacDonald, S, White, D, Langdown, J, Downes, K, Thomas, W. Investigation of patients with unclassified bleeding disorder and abnormal thrombin generation for physiological coagulation inhibitors reveals multiple abnormalities and a subset of patients with increased tissue factor pathway inhibitor activity. Int J Lab Hematol. 2020; 00: 1– 10.
23. Thomas, W., White, D., MacDonald, S., Downes, K., Obaji, S. and Desborough, M. (2020), Diagnostic work up of patients with increased bleeding tendency: Comment. Haemophilia. doi:10.1111/hae.13989
24. Thomas W, Varley J, Johnston A, Symington E, Robinson M, Sheares K, Lavinio A, Besser M. Thrombotic complications of patients admitted to intensive care with COVID-19 at a teaching hospital in the United Kingdom. Thromb Res. 2020 Jul;191:76-77.
25. Gleghorn DM, Thomas W. Prevalence of myeloperoxidase deficiency determined using an ADVIA 2120i. Int J Lab Hematol. 2020 Jun 16. doi: 10.1111/ijlh.13265. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32543762.
26. Siu WY, Thomas W, Trivedi R, et al. Can CSF spectrophotometry for "Xanthochromia" be used to detect leaking subarachnoid aneurysms in patients with sickle cell anemia with negative MRI or CT angiogram despite hyperbilirubinemia?. Clin Case Rep. 2020;8(5):894-899.
27. White, D., MacDonald, S., Bull, T., Hayman, M., de Monteverde-Robb, R., Sapsford, D., Lavinio, A., Varley, J., Johnston, A., Besser, M., & Thomas, W. Heparin resistance in COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit [published online ahead of print, 2020 May 22] [published correction appears in J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2020 Jun 22;:]. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2020;1-5.
28. Banham-Hall E, Allison A, Santarsieri A, Gohel M, Crowley MP, Sheares K, Thomas W. An international survey of clinicians regarding their management of venous thromboembolism following the initial 3-6 months of anticoagulation. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2020 Jun 26. doi: 10.1007/s11239-020-02193-6. Epub ahead of print.
29. Thomas W, White D, Cox-Morton S, MacDonald S, Besser M. Heparin failure and COVID-19: Should we explore other anticoagulants? An observational report regarding in-vitro recovery of anticoagulant action in COVID-19 patients in intensive care. Thromb Res. 2020 Aug 9;195:226-227. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.08.010. Epub ahead of print.
30. Thomas W, Mindlina I, MacDonald S, Besser M. Does age-adjusted D-dimer have a role in assessment of VTE recurrence rates? Comment. Int J Lab Hematol. 2020 Jul 23. doi: 10.1111/ijlh.13294. Epub ahead of print.
31. Martin AC, Thomas W, Mahir Z, Crowley MP, Dowling T, Breen K, Collings V, Moore GW, MacDonald S, Hunt BJ, Cohen AT. Direct Oral Anticoagulant Concentrations in Obese and High Body Weight Patients: A Cohort Study. Thromb Haemost. 2020 Aug 30. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1715834. Epub ahead of print.
32. Bull T, Jolley R, Martin-Cabrera P, Thomas W. Autoimmune pancytopenia occurring late after simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation. BMJ Case Rep. 2020 Sep 7;13(9):e235851.
33. White D, MacDonald S, Edwards T, Bridgeman C, Hayman M, Sharp M, Cox-Morton S, Duff E, Mahajan S, Moore C, Kirk M, Williams R, Besser M, Thomas W. Evaluation of COVID-19 coagulopathy; laboratory characterization using thrombin generation and nonconventional haemostasis assays. Int J Lab Hematol. 2020 Sep 5. doi: 10.1111/ijlh.13329. Epub ahead of print.
34. Thomas W, Downes K, Desborough MJ. Bleeding of unknown cause and unclassified bleeding disorder; diagnosis, pathophysiology and management. Haemophilia, 2020, article in press.
35. Soyode, E., Pritchard, W., Hayman, M., Davenport, A., Sivasothy, P. and Thomas, W. (2020), Validation of the age‐adjusted D‐dimer in an ambulatory deep vein thrombosis diagnostic service: beware of superficial thrombophlebitis. Br J Haematol. doi:10.1111/bjh.17047
36. Beyer-Westendorf J, Tittl L, Bistervels I, Middeldorp S, Schaefer C, Paulus W, Thomas W, Kemkes-Matthes B, Marten S, Bornhauser M. Safety of direct oral anticoagulant exposure during pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Haematol. 2020 Dec;7(12):e884-e891.
37. Doyle AJ, Thomas W, Retter A, Besser M, MacDonald S, Breen KA, Desborough MJR, Hunt BJ. Updated hospital associated venous thromboembolism outcomes with 90-days follow-up after hospitalisation for severe COVID-19 in two UK critical care units. Thromb Res. 2020 Oct 8;196:454 456.
38. Harada A, Hansell F, D'Souza S, White D, Thomas W. Bleeding diathesis in the older population. Age Ageing. 2020 Oct 17:afaa216. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afaa216. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33068105.
39. Dutt T, Shaw RJ, Stubbs MJ, Yong J, Bailiff B, Cranfield T, Crowley MP, Desborough MJR, Eyre TA, Gooding R, Grainger J, Hanley JP, Haughton J, Hermans J, Hill QA, Humphrey L, Lowe GC, Lyall H, Mohsin M, Nicolson PLR, Priddee N, Rampotas A, Rayment R, Rhodes S, Taylor A, Thomas W, Tomkins O, van Veen JJ, Lane S, Toh CH, Scully M. Real-World Evidence of Caplacizumab Use in the Management of Acute TTP. Blood. 2020 Nov 4:blood.2020007599. doi: 10.1182/blood.2020007599. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 331503
40. Thomas W. Utility of a recurrence prediction tool (DASH score) at a single centre after unprovoked venous thromboembolism: patient uptake of the tool and short term risks of stopping anticoagulation. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2021 Feb 2. doi: 10.1007/s11239-021-02382-x. Epub ahead of print.
41. Ripoll B, Rubino A, Besser M, Patvardhan C, Thomas W, Sheares K, Shanahan H, Agrawal B, Webb S, Vuylsteke A. Observational study of thrombosis and Bleeding in COVID-19 VV ECMO patients. Int J Artif Organs. 2021 Jan 28:391398821989065. doi: 10.1177/0391398821989065. Epub ahead of print.
42. Moore GW, Jones PO, Platton S, Hussain N, White D, Thomas W, Rigano J, Pouplard C, Gray E, Devreese KMJ. International multicenter, multiplatform study to validate Taipan snake venom time as a lupus anticoagulant screening test with ecarin time as the confirmatory test: Communication from the ISTH SSC Subcommittee on Lupus Anticoagulant/Antiphospholipid Antibodies. J Thromb Haemost. 2021 Dec;19(12):3177-3192.
43. Thomas W, Foukaneli T, Cosgrove J, Massey D, Woodward J, Middleton S, Besser M, Russell N, Amin I, Butler A, Sharkey L. Transplant associated thrombotic microangiopathy and immune haematological complications following intestine containing organ transplantation: experience from over 100 consecutive cases. British Journal of Haematology, 193(5):961-970. Wong D, Thomas W, Butler A, Sharkey L. Bortezomib for treatment-refractory autoimmune haemolytic anaemia following multivisceral transplantation. BMJ Case Rep. 2021 May 12;14(5):e241634.
44. Desborough MJR, Obaji S, Lowe GC, Doree C, Thomas W. Management of surgery, menorrhagia and child-birth for patients with unclassified bleeding disorders: a systematic review of cohort studies. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2021 Sep 1;32(6):366-372.
45. Schofield J, Shaw RJ, Lester W, Thomas W, Toh CH, Dutt T. Intracranial hemorrhage in immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura treated with caplacizumab. J Thromb Haemost. 2021 Aug;19(8):1922-1925.
46. Scully M, Singh D, Lown R, Poles A, Levi M, Goldblatt D, Kotoucek P, Thomas W, Lester W (2021). VITTs: pathological heparin-independent anti-PF4 antibodies-presentation and management. New
47. England Journal of Medicine. Published online ahead of print. Lavinio A, Ercole A, Battaglini D, Magnoni S, Badenes R, Taccone FS, Helbok R, Thomas W, Pelosi P, Robba C; collaborators. Safety profile of enhanced thromboprophylaxis strategies for critically ill COVID-19 patients during the first wave of the pandemic: observational report from 28 European intensive care units. Crit Care. 2021 Apr 22;25(1):155.
48. Thomas W, White D, MacDonald S. Thrombin generation measured by two Platforms in patients with a bleeding tendency: Comment. J Thromb Haemost. 2021 Nov;19(11):2896-2899.
49. Thomas W, Downes K, Evans G, Gidley G, Lowe G, MacDonald S, Obaji S, O'Donnell JS, Palmer B, Pinto F, Desborough M. Current practice and registration patterns among United Kingdom Haemophilia Centre Doctors' Organisation centers for patients with unclassified bleeding disorders. J Thromb Haemost. 2021 Nov;19(11):2738-2743.
50. Khalid A, White D, Sharp M, Duff E, MacDonald S, Fry A, Thomas W. Investigation of platelet function in patients with chronic kidney disease stages IV-V. Int J Lab Hematol. 2021 Dec;43(6):1606-1611.
51. White D, Moore GW, Besser M, MacDonald S, Thomas W. Direct oral anticoagulants Remove versus Taipan snake venom time for detection of a lupus anticoagulant in patients taking oral direct factor Xa inhibitors. Res Pract Thromb Haemost. 2022 Jan 23;6(1):e12648.
52. Doyle AJ, Springell D, Dutt T, Kenworthy J, Ling G, Desborough M, Thomas W, Hermans J, Vanveen J, Cranfield T, Belsham E, Hill QA, Lester W, Scully M. Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: A rare disease associated with BNT162b2 vaccine: Comment from Doyle et al. J Thromb Haemost. 2022 Mar;20(3):781-783.
53. Jackson EM, Harper S, Webb GJ, Thomas W. Severe refractory warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia after the SARS-CoV-2 Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (BNT162b2 mRNA) managed with emergency splenectomy and complement inhibition with eculizumab. BMJ Case Rep. 2022 Aug 31;15(8):e250774.
54. Doyle AJ, Stubbs MJ, Lester W, Thomas W, Westwood JP, Thomas M, Percy C, Prasannan N, Scully M. The use of obinutuzumab and ofatumumab in the treatment of immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Br J Haematol. 2022 Jul;198(2):391-396.
55. Castle D, Desborough MJR, Kemp M, Lowe G, Thomas W, Obaji S. Outcomes and management of pregnancy in women with bleeding disorder of unknown cause. J Thromb Haemost. 2022 Nov;20(11):2519-2525.
56. Craven B, Lester W, Boyce S, Thomas W, Kanny A, Davies C, Pavord S, Hermans J, Makris M, Bart- Smith E, Arnott S, Hunt BJ, Chudakou P, Calvert A, Singh D, Scully M. Natural history of PF4 antibodies in vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. Blood. 2022 Apr 21;139(16):2553-2560.
57. Doyle AJ, Stubbs MJ, Dutt T, Lester W, Thomas W, van Veen J, Hermans J, Cranfield T, Hill QA, Clark A, Bagot C, Austin S, Westwood JP, Thomas M, Scully M. Long-term risk of relapse in immune- mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and the role of anti-CD20 therapy. Blood. 2023 Jan 19;141(3):285-294.
58. Aggarwal A, White D, Pavord S, Thomas W, Desborough MJR. Daratumumab for refractory immune- mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Br J Haematol. 2023 Jul;202(2):429-433.
59. Thomas W. The natural history of bleeding disorder of unknown cause. J Thromb Haemost. 2023 Jul;21(7):1747-1749.
60. Rugeri L, Thomas W, Schirner K, Heyder L, Auerswald G. A Systematic Review of Efficacy and Safety of Plasma-Derived von Willebrand Factor/Factor VIII Concentrate (Voncento) in von Willebrand Disease. Thromb Haemost. 2024 Sep;124(9):828-841.
61. Thomas W. Comment: Passenger lymphocyte syndrome as a rare cause of hemolysis in a patient after small intestine transplantation - A case report and review of the literature. Asian J Transfus Sci. 2024 Jul-Dec;18(2):373-374.
62. Kelly C, Thomas W, Baker RI, O'Donnell JS, Sanchez-Luceros A, Lavin M. Examining variability in the diagnosis and management of people with bleeding disorders of unknown cause: communication from the ISTH SSC Subcommittee on von Willebrand Factor. J Thromb Haemost. 2024 Oct;22(10):2900-2909.
63. Brannigan JFM, Gillespie CS, Adegboyega G, Watson M, Lee KS, Mazzoleni A, Goacher E, Mantle O, Omar V, Gamage G, Yanez Touzet A, Mowforth O, Thomas W, Uprichard J, Hutchinson PJ, Stubbs DJ, Davies BM; ICENI Working Group. Impact of antithrombotic agents on outcomes in patients requiring surgery for chronic subdural haematoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Neurosurg. 2024 Apr 8:1-8.
64. Baker RI, Choi P, Curry N, Gebhart J, Gomez K, Henskens Y, Heubel-Moenen F, James P, Kadir RA, Kouides P, Lavin M, Lordkipanidze M, Lowe G, Mumford A, Mutch N, Nagler M, Othman M, Pabinger I, Sidonio R, Thomas W, O'Donnell JS; ISTH SSC Von Willebrand Factor, Platelet Physiology, and Women’s Health Issues in Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Standardization of definition and management for bleeding disorder of unknown cause: communication from the SSC of the ISTH. J Thromb Haemost. 2024 Jul;22(7):2059-2070.
65. Stubbs M, Keogh L, Gounder P, Carter M, Lester W, Taylor A, Clark A, Thomas W, Dutt T, Hermans J, van Veen J, Evans R, Alamelu J, Desborough M, Westwood JP, Scully M. Long-term follow-up outcomes in congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood. 2025 Nov 13;146(20):2457- 2463.
66. Gurumurthy G, Kisiel F, Reynolds L, Thomas W, Othman M, Arachchillage DJ, Thachil J. Machine Learning in Venous Thromboembolism-Why and What Next? Semin Thromb Hemost. 2026 Mar;52(2):219-235. doi: 10.1055/a-2669-7933. Epub 2025 Aug 19. PMID: 40829629.
67. Wilson M, Castaman G, Thomas W, Millar C, Escolar G, Miesbach W, McDade C, Tomic R, Yan S. Cost- effectiveness of Voncento prophylaxis vs on-demand treatment in von Willebrand disease in the United Kingdom. Blood Adv. 2025 Mar 25;9(6):1312-1319.
68. Reeder F, Griffin J, Carter M, Lowing H, Babu P, Quarrell A, Moore T, Foukaneli T, Besser M, Amin I, Woodward J, Russell N, Massey D, Gaurav R, Sharkey L, Rutter C, Butler A, Thomas W. Bleeding and thrombosis in intestinal transplantation; data from 145 consecutive adult transplants. Res Pract Thromb Haemost. 2025 Jul 30;9(5):102990.
69. Griffin J, Thomas W, Jolly EC. Case report: Scurvy masquerading as acquired haemophilia. Clin Med (Lond). 2025 Jul;25(4):100342.
70. Horn EH, Forsyth K, Gooding R, Gorman R, Gosrani D, Hopper D, Mainwaring J, Percy CL, Thomas W, Smith S; UK Haemophilia Doctors Organisation Task Force on Emergency Care. Management of haemophilia and heritable bleeding disorders in the ED. Emerg Med J. 2025 Dec 18;43(1):49-54.
71. Aggarwal A, Prodger C, Hockley B, Thomas W, Murphy MF, Lieberman L, Bussel JB, Vlachodimitropoulou E, Desborough MJR. Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT): Survey of UK fetal medicine centres on antenatal management of subsequent affected pregnancies. Br J Haematol. 2026 Jul;209(1):240-247
72. Stubbs DJ, Davies BM, Edlmann E, Ansari A, Bashford TH, Braude P, Bulters DO, Camp SJ, Carr G, Coles JP, de Monteverde-Robb D, Dhesi J, Dinsmore J, Evans NR, Foster E, Fox E, Froom I, Gillespie C, Gray N, Grieve K, Hartley P, Lecky F, Kolias A, Jeeves J, Joannides A, Minett T, Moppett I, Nathanson MH, Newcombe VFJ, Outtrim JG, Owen N, Petermann L, Ralhan S, Shipway D, Sinha R, Thomas W, Whitfield PC, Wilson SR, Zolnourian A, Dixon-Woods M, Menon DK, Hutchinson PJ; Improving Care In Elderly Neurosurgery Initiative (ICENI) Working Group. Clinical practice guidelines for the care of patients with a chronic subdural haematoma: multidisciplinary recommendations from presentation to recovery. Br J Neurosurg. 2026 Feb;40(1):94-103.